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Microkernel-based with modular subsystems

Thread and scheduler management for real-time operations

Hardware abstraction layer (HAL) for portability

Device drivers and peripheral support as modules

Optional networking and file system stacks

Kernel schedules threads based on priority

Timers and work queues execute deferred tasks

Peripherals accessed via device drivers and HAL

Networking stacks handle data asynchronously

Real-time behavior maintained across tasks

Preemptive and cooperative multitasking

Event-driven programming with callbacks

Modular device driver integration

Work queues for deferred execution

Network stack with protocol modularity

Battery-powered IoT sensors

Wearables with BLE connectivity

Industrial automation edge nodes

Smart home devices with MQTT/CoAP

Networked embedded gateways

Small footprint and modular design

Deterministic real-time scheduling

Hardware abstraction for portability

Configurable features for resource optimization

Support for IoT and networked devices

Optimize thread and memory usage for constrained devices

Modularize features to include only necessary components

Profile and monitor scheduling and latency

Incrementally test across multiple boards

Use work queues for scalable deferred execution

Port legacy embedded code to Zephyr APIs

Adapt device drivers to HAL abstraction

Refactor multi-threaded logic using Zephyr scheduler

Test timing-sensitive operations

Document and version-control migration changes