Learn TORNADO with Real Code Examples
Updated Nov 25, 2025
Architecture
Single-threaded event loop (IOLoop)
Non-blocking asynchronous request handling
Handler classes for routes
Supports both HTTP and TCP servers
Integration with third-party async libraries
Rendering Model
Client sends HTTP request -> Tornado IOLoop
RequestHandler or WebSocketHandler processes request
Async operations performed if needed
Response generated and sent back
IOLoop continues handling other connections
Architectural Patterns
Event-loop for non-blocking I/O
Handler-based routing
Async coroutines for concurrency
Modular extensions and utilities
WebSocket and streaming support
Real World Architectures
Real-time chat servers
Streaming dashboards
WebSocket-based APIs
IoT notification backends
High-concurrency microservices
Design Principles
Non-blocking, asynchronous I/O
Single-threaded event loop for high concurrency
Lightweight and modular framework
Flexible handler-based routing
Real-time and streaming-friendly design
Scalability Guide
Use multiple Tornado processes for horizontal scaling
Implement caching for high-traffic endpoints
Load balance with Nginx or HAProxy
Optimize IOLoop usage
Monitor and profile server performance
Migration Guide
Adapt from Flask/Django by replacing blocking handlers with async
Use RequestHandler/WebSocketHandler
Replace WSGI-specific middleware
Test async endpoints thoroughly
Monitor event loop for blocking operations