Learn SCALA with Real Code Examples

Scala allows developers to write both object-oriented and functional code in a unified way.

It emphasizes immutability, type inference, and higher-order functions for expressive and safe code.

Scala interoperates seamlessly with Java libraries and frameworks.

Immutable and mutable collections

Traits and classes for modular design

Higher-order functions and closures

Pattern matching for concise logic

Case classes and companion objects

Variables: val (immutable) vs var (mutable)

Data types: Int, Double, String, Boolean, Collections, Option, Either

Functions and higher-order functions

Pattern matching and case classes

Control structures: if, while, for, match

src/main/scala - main application code

src/test/scala - test code

build.sbt - project configuration

lib/ - external JAR dependencies

target/ - compiled output

Create Scala files (.scala)

Compile with scalac or use sbt

Run programs on JVM using scala command

Import Java libraries seamlessly

Test code with ScalaTest or MUnit

Beginner: scripting and simple console apps

Intermediate: web services and backend logic

Advanced: distributed systems, Akka actors, Spark jobs

Expert: DSLs, functional design patterns, library contributions

Community: contributing to Scala open-source projects

More functional than Java, more statically typed than Python

Concise syntax compared to Java

Seamless JVM integration

Strong type system for safety

Better suited for distributed and reactive systems than Ruby or PHP

2003 – Scala 1.0 released

2006 – Scala 2.0 with major improvements

2011 – Scala 2.9 with enhanced collections

2016 – Scala 2.12 supporting Java 8 features

2025 – Scala 3.x with simplified syntax and enhanced type system

Trait: reusable interface or behavior in Scala

Case Class: immutable data structure with pattern matching

Option: container for optional values

Higher-order Function: function taking or returning another function

sbt: Scala build tool