Learn KUBERNETES with Real Code Examples
Updated Nov 27, 2025
Architecture
Control plane manages cluster state and schedules pods
Nodes run container runtime and kubelet agent
API server exposes declarative API
Scheduler places workloads based on resource availability
Controller manager handles automated operations like scaling and healing
Rendering Model
Users define desired state in manifests
API server receives and validates configurations
Scheduler places pods on nodes
Controllers ensure actual state matches desired state
Cluster self-heals, scales, and manages resources automatically
Architectural Patterns
Control plane with API server, scheduler, controller manager
Node agents (kubelet) for pod lifecycle management
Declarative objects (pods, deployments, services, ingress)
Event-driven controllers and operators
Cluster-level networking and storage abstraction
Real World Architectures
Microservices deployed via Kubernetes deployments
Multi-tenant SaaS platforms using namespaces
CI/CD pipelines deploying applications automatically
Hybrid cloud clusters across AWS and on-prem
Service meshes (Istio/Linkerd) managing network traffic
Design Principles
Declarative configuration
Automation and self-healing
Scalability and resilience
Extensibility via APIs and operators
Cloud-native and container-first architecture
Scalability Guide
Use Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA)
Deploy multiple nodes and regions
Leverage namespaces for workload separation
Monitor resource utilization continuously
Implement cluster autoscaler for dynamic scaling
Migration Guide
Update Kubernetes version gradually
Refactor deprecated APIs and manifests
Test workloads in staging clusters
Apply rolling upgrades to minimize downtime
Monitor cluster stability and metrics