Learn GITHUB-ACTIONS with Real Code Examples
Updated Nov 27, 2025
Architecture
Workflow file defines jobs and steps
Jobs run on runners (GitHub-hosted or self-hosted)
Steps within jobs can use actions or shell commands
Triggers initiate workflows based on repository events
Secrets, artifacts, and caching enable secure and efficient runs
Rendering Model
Workflow YAML defines jobs and steps
Runner executes each job
Steps execute actions or scripts
Artifacts, caches, and outputs manage workflow state
Triggers initiate workflow execution based on events
Architectural Patterns
Event-driven CI/CD pipelines
Matrix builds for multi-environment testing
Reusable actions for DRY principles
Integration with external services and APIs
Self-hosted or GitHub-hosted runner architectures
Real World Architectures
CI/CD pipeline for Node.js application
Python package testing across multiple Python versions
Docker build and deployment workflow
Multi-repo orchestration for microservices
Static website deployment to GitHub Pages or S3
Design Principles
Declarative workflow definitions
Event-driven automation
Native GitHub integration
Matrix and parallel job execution
Extensibility via actions marketplace
Scalability Guide
Use matrix builds for testing multiple environments
Split large workflows into multiple smaller workflows
Leverage self-hosted runners for custom scaling
Use caching and artifacts to optimize performance
Monitor workflow minutes and concurrency limits
Migration Guide
Convert existing CI/CD scripts to workflow YAML
Replace external CI triggers with GitHub repository events
Move credentials to GitHub Secrets
Use reusable actions for DRY pipelines
Test workflows on feature branches before merging