#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>

class Person {
private:
    std::string name;
    int age;

public:
    Person(const std::string& name, int age)
        : name(name), age(age) {}

    void introduce() const {
        std::cout << "Hi, I'm " << name << " and I'm " << age << " years old." << std::endl;
    }

    int getAge() const { return age; }
};

int main() {
    std::vector<Person> people = { Person("Alice", 25), Person("Bob", 30) };
    for (const auto& person : people) {
        person.introduce();
    }
    return 0;
}

Demonstrates key C++ features including classes, vectors, and modern C++ syntax.

#include <iostream>
class Animal {
public:
    void speak() { std::cout << "Animal sound" << std::endl; }
};
class Dog : public Animal {
public:
    void speak() { std::cout << "Woof!" << std::endl; }
};
int main() {
    Dog dog;
    dog.speak();
    return 0;
}

Shows basic inheritance with a base class and a derived class.

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>

int main() {
    std::vector<int> numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
    std::for_each(numbers.begin(), numbers.end(), [](int n){ std::cout << n*n << ' '; });
    return 0;
}

Demonstrates using a lambda function to transform a vector.

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>

class Resource {
public:
    Resource() { std::cout << "Resource acquired\n"; }
    ~Resource() { std::cout << "Resource destroyed\n"; }
};

int main() {
    auto res = std::make_unique<Resource>();
    return 0;
}

Uses std::unique_ptr to manage dynamic memory safely.

#include <iostream>

template<typename T>
T maxValue(T a, T b) {
    return (a > b) ? a : b;
}

int main() {
    std::cout << maxValue(10, 20) << std::endl;
    std::cout << maxValue(3.5, 2.1) << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

Demonstrates a template function to find the maximum of two values.

#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
int main() {
    try {
        throw std::runtime_error("Something went wrong");
    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
        std::cout << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

Shows basic try-catch exception handling in C++.

#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <string>

int main() {
    std::map<std::string, int> ages = { {"Alice", 25}, {"Bob", 30} };
    for (const auto& [name, age] : ages) {
        std::cout << name << " is " << age << " years old\n";
    }
    return 0;
}

Demonstrates using std::map to store key-value pairs.

#include <iostream>
constexpr int square(int x) { return x*x; }
int main() {
    std::cout << square(5) << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

Uses constexpr for compile-time computation.

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
class Buffer {
public:
    std::vector<int> data;
    Buffer(std::vector<int> d) : data(std::move(d)) {}
};
int main() {
    std::vector<int> v = {1,2,3};
    Buffer buf(std::move(v));
    std::cout << "Buffer size: " << buf.data.size() << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

Demonstrates move constructor to optimize resource management.

#include <iostream>
enum class Color { Red, Green, Blue };
int main() {
    Color c = Color::Green;
    if (c == Color::Green) {
        std::cout << "Color is green" << std::endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

Uses enum class for type-safe enumerations.

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

int main() {
    std::vector<int> numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
    for (const auto& n : numbers) {
        std::cout << n << ' ';
    }
    return 0;
}

Demonstrates vector initialization and iteration.

#include <iostream>
#include <set>

int main() {
    std::set<int> s = {1, 2, 3};
    s.insert(4);
    for (const auto& n : s) {
        std::cout << n << ' ';
    }
    return 0;
}

Demonstrates set insertion and iteration.

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>

int main() {
    std::vector<int> v = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
    std::for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), [](int& n){ n *= 2; });
    for (const auto& n : v) {
        std::cout << n << ' ';
    }
    return 0;
}

Uses lambda to modify elements in a vector.

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>

int main() {
    auto sp1 = std::make_shared<int>(10);
    auto sp2 = sp1;
    std::cout << *sp1 << ',' << *sp2 << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

Demonstrates shared_ptr usage.

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

class Buffer {
public:
    std::vector<int> data;
    Buffer(std::vector<int> d) : data(std::move(d)) {}
};

int main() {
    std::vector<int> v = {1, 2, 3};
    Buffer buf(std::move(v));
    std::cout << "Buffer size: " << buf.data.size() << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

Shows move constructor usage for efficient object transfer.

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>

int main() {
    std::vector<int> nums = {5, 2, 9, 1, 3};
    std::sort(nums.begin(), nums.end(), [](int a, int b) { return a < b; });
    for (int n : nums) std::cout << n << ' ';
    return 0;
}

Demonstrates sorting a vector using std::sort with a custom comparator.

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

int main() {
    std::vector<std::string> words = {"Hello", "World"};
    for (const auto& w : words) {
        std::cout << w << std::endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

Shows how range-based for loops provide cleaner iteration.

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

struct User {
    std::string name;
    int age;
};

int main() {
    User u{"Alice", 22};
    std::cout << u.name << " - " << u.age << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

Shows modern uniform initialization for structs.

#include <iostream>
#include <optional>

std::optional<int> divide(int a, int b) {
    if (b == 0) return std::nullopt;
    return a / b;
}

int main() {
    auto result = divide(10, 2);
    if (result) std::cout << *result;
    return 0;
}

Demonstrates using std::optional to return optional values.

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>

int main() {
    std::ifstream file("test.txt");
    std::string line;
    while (std::getline(file, line)) {
        std::cout << line << std::endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

Reads lines from a file using std::ifstream.

#include <iostream>
#include <set>

int main() {
    std::set<int> s = {3, 1, 4, 1, 5};
    for (int n : s) std::cout << n << ' ';
    return 0;
}

Uses std::set to hold unique sorted values.

#include <iostream>
#include <utility>

int main() {
    std::pair<std::string, int> p{"Age", 30};
    std::cout << p.first << ": " << p.second;
    return 0;
}

Shows how to use std::pair.

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <mutex>

std::mutex mtx;
int counter = 0;

void increment() {
    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
    counter++;
}

int main() {
    std::thread t1(increment);
    std::thread t2(increment);
    t1.join();
    t2.join();
    std::cout << counter;
    return 0;
}

Uses std::mutex and std::lock_guard for thread safety.

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>

void run() {
    std::cout << "Thread running";
}

int main() {
    std::thread t(run);
    t.join();
    return 0;
}

Creates threads using std::thread.

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

int main() {
    std::vector<int> v;
    v.push_back(1);
    v.push_back(2);
    for (int n : v) std::cout << n;
    return 0;
}

Shows how to push elements into a vector.

#include <iostream>
#include <map>

int main() {
    std::map<int, std::string> m = {{1, "One"}, {2, "Two"}};
    auto it = m.find(2);
    if (it != m.end()) std::cout << it->second;
    return 0;
}

Demonstrates finding a key in std::map.

#include <iostream>
#include <queue>

int main() {
    std::queue<int> q;
    q.push(10);
    q.push(20);
    std::cout << q.front();
    return 0;
}

Uses std::queue for FIFO operations.

#include <iostream>
#include <stack>

int main() {
    std::stack<int> s;
    s.push(5);
    s.push(10);
    std::cout << s.top();
    return 0;
}

Uses std::stack for LIFO operations.

#include <iostream>
#include <variant>

int main() {
    std::variant<int, std::string> v = "Hello";
    std::cout << std::get<std::string>(v);
    return 0;
}

Uses std::variant to hold multiple types.

#include <iostream>
#include <tuple>

int main() {
    auto t = std::make_tuple("Alice", 25, 3.8);
    std::cout << std::get<0>(t);
    return 0;
}

Uses std::tuple to bundle multiple values.

#include <iostream>
#include <mutex>
#include <thread>

std::mutex mtx;
int value = 0;

void add() {
    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
    value++;
}

int main() {
    std::thread t1(add);
    std::thread t2(add);
    t1.join();
    t2.join();
    std::cout << value;
    return 0;
}

Demonstrates std::unique_lock for flexible mutex handling.

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <mutex>
#include <condition_variable>

std::mutex mtx;
bool ready = false;
std::condition_variable cv;

void worker() {
    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
    cv.wait(lock, []{ return ready; });
    std::cout << "Worker running";
}

int main() {
    std::thread t(worker);
    {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
        ready = true;
    }
    cv.notify_one();
    t.join();
    return 0;
}

Uses std::condition_variable for thread synchronization.

#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>

int main() {
    std::stringstream ss;
    ss << 42;
    int num;
    ss >> num;
    std::cout << num;
    return 0;
}

Uses std::stringstream for converting values.

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>

int main() {
    std::vector<int> v = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
    bool found = std::binary_search(v.begin(), v.end(), 3);
    std::cout << (found ? "Found" : "Not found");
    return 0;
}

Uses std::binary_search on a sorted vector.

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <numeric>

int main() {
    std::vector<int> v = {1, 2, 3, 4};
    int sum = std::accumulate(v.begin(), v.end(), 0);
    std::cout << sum;
    return 0;
}

Uses std::accumulate to sum vector elements.

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>

int main() {
    std::vector<int> v = {10, 15, 20, 25};
    auto it = std::find_if(v.begin(), v.end(), [](int x) { return x > 18; });
    if (it != v.end()) std::cout << *it;
    return 0;
}

Demonstrates std::find_if to find matching elements.

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <numeric>

int main() {
    std::vector<int> v = {1, 2, 3, 4};
    int result = std::reduce(v.begin(), v.end());
    std::cout << result;
    return 0;
}

Uses std::reduce from C++17 for parallel-friendly accumulation.

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>

int main() {
    std::vector<int> v = {1, 2, 3};
    std::transform(v.begin(), v.end(), v.begin(), [](int x){ return x * 2; });
    for (int n : v) std::cout << n << ' ';
    return 0;
}

Uses std::transform to modify elements of a container.

#include <iostream>
#include <array>

int main() {
    std::array<int, 3> arr = {1, 2, 3};
    for (int x : arr) std::cout << x;
    return 0;
}

Shows simple usage of std::array.

#include <iostream>
#include <deque>

int main() {
    std::deque<int> d;
    d.push_front(1);
    d.push_back(2);
    std::cout << d.front() << d.back();
    return 0;
}

Uses std::deque for double-ended operations.

#include <iostream>
#include <queue>

int main() {
    std::priority_queue<int> pq;
    pq.push(3);
    pq.push(1);
    pq.push(2);
    std::cout << pq.top();
    return 0;
}

Uses std::priority_queue as a max-heap.

#include <iostream>
#include <bitset>

int main() {
    std::bitset<8> b("10101010");
    std::cout << b;
    return 0;
}

Uses std::bitset for efficient bit manipulation.

#include <iostream>
#include <chrono>

int main() {
    auto start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
    for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++);
    auto end = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
    std::cout << std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(end - start).count();
    return 0;
}

Uses std::chrono to measure execution time.

#include <iostream>

int add(int a, int b) { return a + b; }

int main() {
    int (*func)(int, int) = add;
    std::cout << func(2, 3);
    return 0;
}

Shows declaring and using function pointers.

#include <iostream>

int fact(int n) {
    if (n <= 1) return 1;
    return n * fact(n - 1);
}

int main() {
    std::cout << fact(5);
    return 0;
}

Shows a simple recursive factorial function.