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Compiled language with direct translation to machine code

Supports procedural modular design

Memory and hardware accessed via pointers and addresses

Standard libraries provide I/O, string, math, and utility functions

Preprocessor handles macro expansion and conditional compilation

Source code written in .c files

Preprocessor handles macros/includes

Compiler translates code to machine instructions

Linker combines object files and libraries

Executable runs on target hardware

Modular programming using functions

Structs for composite data

Pointers for memory and hardware access

Preprocessor for compile-time directives

Manual memory management via malloc/free

Embedded firmware for microcontrollers

Operating system kernels and drivers

High-performance scientific computation

Network and database systems

Compilers, interpreters, and system utilities

Procedural programming

Efficiency and performance

Low-level memory control

Portability across platforms

Minimal runtime and standard library

Use efficient algorithms and data structures

Manage memory and resources carefully

Modularize code for maintainability

Use compiler optimization flags

Profile and optimize performance-critical sections

Update code to comply with C99/C18 standards

Replace deprecated functions (e.g., gets -> fgets)

Test compilation on new compilers

Verify pointer and memory usage

Refactor for portability and maintainability