Learn BASH with Real Code Examples

Bash is both a command-line shell and a scripting language.

It automates system tasks, file operations, pipelines, and CLI tools.

Commonly used in Linux, macOS, servers, DevOps, and container environments.

Shell built-ins

POSIX-compatible scripting

Pattern matching (globbing)

Redirection & piping

Command substitution with $()

Signal handling (trap)

Variables & environment vars

Loops & conditionals

Functions & arguments

File operations & pipes

Exit codes & error handling

scripts/ folder

main.sh entrypoint

utils/ helper scripts

config.env

logs/ output logs

Create a script file

Add shebang #!/usr/bin/env bash

Write commands, loops, conditionals

Set execute permissions (chmod +x)

Run using ./script.sh

Beginner: simple automations

Intermediate: functions & params

Advanced: traps, signals, arrays

Expert: building CLI tools & installers

Simpler than Python for automation

More portable than PowerShell on Linux

Weaker data structures vs Perl

More universal than zsh

Better scripting integration than Fish

1989 – Bash 1.0

1996 – Bash 2.0

2006 – Bash 3.0

2009 – Bash 4.0 (associative arrays)

2019–2025 – Bash 5.x series

Shebang: script interpreter directive

Piping: pass output to input

Redirection: file input/output control

Exit Code: program success indicator

Job Control: managing background tasks