Learn ARDUINO-C with Real Code Examples

Arduino C is based on C/C++ but simplified for microcontroller programming.

It provides built-in functions for digital/analog I/O, timing, and serial communication.

Programs are written as 'sketches' consisting of setup() and loop() functions.

Used for embedded systems, IoT projects, robotics, and prototyping.

Integrates with the Arduino IDE for easy compilation and deployment to hardware.

Digital and analog I/O

PWM and timer control

Interrupts and event handling

Serial and I2C/SPI communication

Predefined setup() and loop() structure

Sketch - the Arduino program file

setup() - initialization code executed once

loop() - code repeated continuously

Pin modes - INPUT, OUTPUT, INPUT_PULLUP

Libraries - prewritten code for sensors, displays, and modules

Sketch file (.ino)

Header files (.h) for libraries

Source files (.cpp) for complex projects

Library folder for external modules

Configuration files for board selection

Write code in Arduino IDE

Include necessary libraries

Define pin assignments

Implement setup() and loop() logic

Upload to Arduino board and test

Beginner: Blink an LED

Intermediate: Read sensor and display data

Advanced: Motor control with PID

Expert: Multi-sensor IoT device with network connectivity

Architect: Robotics platform with modular libraries and event-driven design

Arduino C vs C/C++: Simplified and hardware-focused

Arduino C vs MicroPython: C is faster, Python is easier to learn

Arduino C vs ESP-IDF (ESP32): Arduino C is simpler, ESP-IDF is low-level

Arduino C vs Raspberry Pi Python: Arduino runs on MCU, Pi runs on Linux OS

Arduino C vs mbed OS: Arduino C is beginner-friendly, mbed is RTOS-ready

2005 - Arduino IDE v001 released

2008 - Arduino Uno launched

2010 - Support for Arduino Mega

2015 - IDE 1.6.x series with library manager

2019+ - Arduino IDE 2.x with modern editor and debugger

Sketch - Arduino program file (.ino)

PinMode - Configures input/output pins

PWM - Pulse Width Modulation

Serial Monitor - IDE debugging tool

Library - Prewritten code for sensors and modules