Learn ADA-SPARK with Real Code Examples

Prove array bounds safety

Build a verified stack ADT

Prove correctness of a PID controller

Motor controller with no runtime errors

Train braking logic verification

Unproved obligations -> refine contracts

Mismatch between spec and body

Ambiguous data flow -> add Global/Depends

Too complex proofs -> simplify logic

Order-of-evaluation issues in contracts

Unit tests via AUnit

Proof-based testing

Boundary condition tests

Integration with hardware simulators

Coverage tests using GNATcoverage

Bare-metal embedded

RTOS-based avionics/railway systems

Secure microcontroller firmware

Safety-critical controllers

Long-lifecycle industrial hardware

GNAT Pro

GNATprove

GPS / GNAT Studio

Alire (Ada package manager)

AdaCore certification kits

RTOS (VxWorks, PikeOS)

Embedded targets (ARM, RISC-V)

Formal verification frameworks

C/C++ bindings (restricted)

DO-178C/ISO 26262 toolchains

Write contracts early

Use subtypes to avoid runtime errors

Run proofs continuously

Minimize global dependencies

Keep procedures small and clear

Writing good contracts

Converting existing code into SPARK

Handling proof explosions

Managing modular proofs

Learning formal verification mindset